The Petralona Cave is about one kilometer away from the village of Petralona in the prefecture of Halkidiki in central Macedonia. It is open to the public since 1979. In the cave were discovered by Aris Poulianos the traces of inhabiting Archantians about 700,000 years ago. The cave was discovered by Philippos Hantzaridis on May 10, 1959 and became known for his palaeontological and paleoanthropological findings as early as 1960, after the accidental discovery in the cave by Petralona resident X. Sariyiannidis, the famous petrified human skull. The value of the find and its uniqueness gave rise to a series of work inside and outside the cave. In 1968 and in the period 1974-1988 excavations were carried out in the cave by the (old) anthropologist Aris Poulianos. From an anthropological point of view, the petrified skull is an important finding, but there is no unanimity among the experts about its dating and its evaluation. The main views diverge considerably and the skull is considered to belong to a person who lived some 700,000 years ago today and at about 200,000 years ago today.